Thursday, April 27, 2006
Question about petrol and diesel ignition temperatures
Menan Desai, an engineering student from India asked us the following question:
Our Member, Omar Saleem, Drilling Engineer Mari Gas, Dharki Sind came up with the following response:
Menan Desai, an engineering student from India asked us the following question:
Could you please furnish me with the values of the ignition temperatures of petrol ( gasoline) and diesel, because petrol is highly volatile, it may explode if exposed to very high pressure and temperature then how gasoline injection works? If u can plz elaborate.
Our Member, Omar Saleem, Drilling Engineer Mari Gas, Dharki Sind came up with the following response:
In Petrol (gasoline) engine premixed fuel & air in a specific ratio is
heated (compressed) above flash point of gasoline (but below auto-ignition
temperature i.e. < 246 C), then ignited by the spark plug (b/w 450 to 850
C). Petrol has the quality of lower flash point but high auto-ignition
temperature.
However Diesel is a high-compression engine. Air is compressed until it
has been heated/compressed above the autoignition temperature of diesel
(b/w 700 to 900 C); then the fuel is injected as a high-pressure spray,
keeping the fuel-air mix within the flammable limits of diesel. There is
no ignition source. Diesel has high flash point and a low autoignition
temperature. Also thats why Diesel engines are attributed to have higher
compression ratios.
Petrol:
Flash point: > -45 °C
Autoignition temperature: 246 °C
Diesel:
Flash point: > 62 °C
Autoignition temperature: 210 °C
Regards
Omar Saleem
Sunday, April 23, 2006
Highlights of Sabih-ud-Din's lecture in Nanotechnology Research in Pakistan
Presentation:
During the presentation Mr Sabih introduced us to his team at PINSTECH and also mentioned other people and institutions in Pakistan doing research on Nanotech. The discussion followed up in detail, on Fullerenes and Carbon nanotubes, their synthesis, fragmentation and sepration using different processes. He concluded with the following points:
o Nanotechnology or Nanoscience in Pakistan is a reality.
o Nano Research in Pakistan is at its infancy, but it has been started.
o A couple of new laboratories will be setup in the next few years.
o This is a multi-disciplinary field.
o Pakistan lacks man-power!
o Very few engineers in this fields, we need a lot of them.
The lecture was followed by, as always, a very healthy Q & A session that lasted over 30 minutes. In the end Professor M. H. Zuberi addressed the audience about the importance of "being" someone, rather than "having" something, and the fact that you can only be respected if you possess knowledge. He appreciated the great efforts KSS is making for spreading knowledge and helping people be something, for a change.
Videos Projected:
- Interview with Ralph Merkle, a futuristic Nanotechnologist, making the viewers realise how small a nanometer really is. Ralph Merkle then illustrated, with computer generated models, how nanomachines made with molecular precisions would possibly look like. "We're looking at the transformation that's going to have as big an impact as industrial revolution, if not more." He said.
-Clippings of a tv-show interview with the Director for Nanotechnology at NASA's Ames research centre Dr. Meyya Meyyapan. Meyyapan explained why NASA was involved in Nanotech. He stated that it takes NASA $10,000 per pound that is carried to the moon; and if anything were to be taken to the far off planets it would cost them around $100,000! "So we want to miniaturise everything, Okay we'll leave our astronauts alone," he said. NASA is researching into Nanoelectronics to enhance their computer power, and especially into Nanomaterials. The third allotropic form of carbon: the nanotudes, he told, were a hundred times stronger than steel and yet would weigh 6 times less; a promising material for spacecraft manufacturing. He mentioned the possibility of a nanogear with Benzene molecules selectively attached to the nanotube in a circular x-section acting as the teeth of the gear that could be meshed by other driven or driver gears! Talking about 'happening' applications of nanomaterials he told that a company in Chicago is producing naomaterials commercially that have a great UV protection property and that they are using that in producing nano-sunscreen lotions! For more information about NASA's Ames program visit: www.ipt.arc.nasa.gov
-A video titled: "National Cancer Institute (NCI) alliance for Nanotecnology in Cancer treatment". Nanotech, the video explained, is changing the way biologists are starting to look at the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanoshells can be ringed to antibodies that detect cancer cells, and then just by the application of Infrared light on diagnosed cancer cells only the tumour is eliminated, leaving the neighbouring healthy cells alive! This technology can seek out and destroy cancer cells by targeted drug delivery, improved imaging and real time confirmation of cancer cells' death.
Presentation:
During the presentation Mr Sabih introduced us to his team at PINSTECH and also mentioned other people and institutions in Pakistan doing research on Nanotech. The discussion followed up in detail, on Fullerenes and Carbon nanotubes, their synthesis, fragmentation and sepration using different processes. He concluded with the following points:
o Nanotechnology or Nanoscience in Pakistan is a reality.
o Nano Research in Pakistan is at its infancy, but it has been started.
o A couple of new laboratories will be setup in the next few years.
o This is a multi-disciplinary field.
o Pakistan lacks man-power!
o Very few engineers in this fields, we need a lot of them.
The lecture was followed by, as always, a very healthy Q & A session that lasted over 30 minutes. In the end Professor M. H. Zuberi addressed the audience about the importance of "being" someone, rather than "having" something, and the fact that you can only be respected if you possess knowledge. He appreciated the great efforts KSS is making for spreading knowledge and helping people be something, for a change.
Videos Projected:
- Interview with Ralph Merkle, a futuristic Nanotechnologist, making the viewers realise how small a nanometer really is. Ralph Merkle then illustrated, with computer generated models, how nanomachines made with molecular precisions would possibly look like. "We're looking at the transformation that's going to have as big an impact as industrial revolution, if not more." He said.
-Clippings of a tv-show interview with the Director for Nanotechnology at NASA's Ames research centre Dr. Meyya Meyyapan. Meyyapan explained why NASA was involved in Nanotech. He stated that it takes NASA $10,000 per pound that is carried to the moon; and if anything were to be taken to the far off planets it would cost them around $100,000! "So we want to miniaturise everything, Okay we'll leave our astronauts alone," he said. NASA is researching into Nanoelectronics to enhance their computer power, and especially into Nanomaterials. The third allotropic form of carbon: the nanotudes, he told, were a hundred times stronger than steel and yet would weigh 6 times less; a promising material for spacecraft manufacturing. He mentioned the possibility of a nanogear with Benzene molecules selectively attached to the nanotube in a circular x-section acting as the teeth of the gear that could be meshed by other driven or driver gears! Talking about 'happening' applications of nanomaterials he told that a company in Chicago is producing naomaterials commercially that have a great UV protection property and that they are using that in producing nano-sunscreen lotions! For more information about NASA's Ames program visit: www.ipt.arc.nasa.gov
-A video titled: "National Cancer Institute (NCI) alliance for Nanotecnology in Cancer treatment". Nanotech, the video explained, is changing the way biologists are starting to look at the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanoshells can be ringed to antibodies that detect cancer cells, and then just by the application of Infrared light on diagnosed cancer cells only the tumour is eliminated, leaving the neighbouring healthy cells alive! This technology can seek out and destroy cancer cells by targeted drug delivery, improved imaging and real time confirmation of cancer cells' death.
Thursday, April 20, 2006
Review of Dr. Arshad Bhatti's lecture on Nanostructures, 20 March 2006
I'm very pleased to inform you that Dr. Arshad's lecture on carbon nanostructures, their self assembly and then their various applications was a great success Alhumdullilah. About 40-50 people attended the lecture and the lecture was followed by a nearly 20 minutes of Q and A session which depicted the involvement and the urge-to-know-more of the students. The language, literature and jargon used was very listener friendly and the near 1 and a half hour duration was surprisingly not at all a burden. On the contrary the lecture was interesting and very informative. The hall arrangements were superb with good air-conditioning, working
multimedia arrangement and a good sound system. I'm sending the well designed and quite elaborate slides that Dr. Arshad used(with his kind permission) and will inshallah try to write a synopsis of the lecture soon.
After the lecture I took the opportunity to introduce the Khwarzimic Science Society and circulated the "Why join KSS" pamphlets along with the membership forms to all the listeners.
Ali Abbas
Leading the KSS
UET Lahore Chapter
I'm very pleased to inform you that Dr. Arshad's lecture on carbon nanostructures, their self assembly and then their various applications was a great success Alhumdullilah. About 40-50 people attended the lecture and the lecture was followed by a nearly 20 minutes of Q and A session which depicted the involvement and the urge-to-know-more of the students. The language, literature and jargon used was very listener friendly and the near 1 and a half hour duration was surprisingly not at all a burden. On the contrary the lecture was interesting and very informative. The hall arrangements were superb with good air-conditioning, working
multimedia arrangement and a good sound system. I'm sending the well designed and quite elaborate slides that Dr. Arshad used(with his kind permission) and will inshallah try to write a synopsis of the lecture soon.
After the lecture I took the opportunity to introduce the Khwarzimic Science Society and circulated the "Why join KSS" pamphlets along with the membership forms to all the listeners.
Ali Abbas
Leading the KSS
UET Lahore Chapter
Tuesday, April 18, 2006
Corridor in Linköping University, Sweden named after Khwarzimi
"...in our University their are corridors and rooms that are named after popular scientists and one of the corridor and room is named after Khwarzimi..."
-message sent by Saad Rahman, student at Linköping.
"...in our University their are corridors and rooms that are named after popular scientists and one of the corridor and room is named after Khwarzimi..."
-message sent by Saad Rahman, student at Linköping.
Video of Solar Eclipse in Pakistan
Video of Solar Eclipse (4MB) in Pakistan, 29 March 2006, prepared by Umair Asim, KSS.
Video of Solar Eclipse (4MB) in Pakistan, 29 March 2006, prepared by Umair Asim, KSS.
Dr. Raheel Mohyuddin's Website
Dr. Raheel Mohyuddin, a new Member of the Khwarzimic Science Society has research interests in fluid mechanics and applied mathematics. His website can be accessed here.
Dr. Raheel Mohyuddin, a new Member of the Khwarzimic Science Society has research interests in fluid mechanics and applied mathematics. His website can be accessed here.
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